Introduction

Instrument flying techniques differ according to aircraft
the, class, performance capability, and instrumentation.
Therefore, the procedures and techniques that follow need
to be modified to suit individual aircraft. Recommended
procedures, performance data, operating limitations, and
flight characteristics of a particular aircraft are available in the
Pilot's Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual (POH/
AFM) for study before practicing the flight maneuvers.

The flight maneuvers discussed here in Chapter 5-I assume
the use of a single-engine, propeller-dirven small airplane
with retractable gear and flaps and a panel with instruments
representative of those discussed earlier in Chapter 3, Flight
Instruments. With the exception of the instrument takeoff, all
of the maneuvers can be performed on "partial panel," with the
attitude gyro and heading indicator covered or inoperative.